Determine reliability of primary and secondary sources, considering: Language (e.g., use of emotional rhetoric)

Propaganda techniques

From SourceWatch

Propagandists use a variety of propaganda techniques to influence opinions and to avoid the truth. Often these techniques rely on some element of censorship or manipulation, either omitting significant information or distorting it.

for example:

1933 - 1945

Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. The  German Propaganda Archive includes both propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists. The goal is to help people understand the two great totalitarian systems of the twentieth century by giving them access to the primary material.

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thanks to and more detail from source

In writing texts to chronicle people and events, report on events, and discuss causes and issues, students need to be aware that the structure of each text will vary according to the purpose. The most commonly used types of texts are:

• Historical recount

  Biographical recount

  Report

  Historical account

  Explanation

  Exposition

             Discussion

Each text type with its specific purpose, structure and characteristic grammatical features is detailed in the text type links. You will notice that each text structure is different because it has a different purpose. If you are aware of these different structures and accompanying grammatical features you will be able to write a successful text that matches your purpose.

Historical Recount

Text Type	Purpose	Structure	Language Features
Historical Recount	To retell events in the past	background record of events deduction (optional)	past tense linking words to do with time modifying language: words that tell us where, when, with whom, how, etc.

Biographical Recount

Text Type	Purpose	Structure	Language Features
Biographical Recount	To retell the events of a person's life	background record of events evaluation of person (optional)	past tense linking words to do with time specific human participants evaluative words that make judgements about the actions or worth of the person

Report

Text Type	Purpose	Structure	Language Features
Report	To give information about the way things are or were	general statement/ classification description deduction (optional)	past tense general classes of people and things technical language

Historical Account

Text Type	Purpose	Structure	Language Features
Historical Account	To account for why things happen in a particular sequence	background account of events deduction (optional)	past tense in record of events linking words to do with time linking words to show cause modifying language: words that tell us where, when, with whom, how, etc.

Explanation

Text Type	Purpose	Structure	Language Features
Explanation	To explain the factors contributing to or the consequences of a situation	phenomenon identification factors / consequences (reinforcement of factors / consequences)	causal language: linking words or phrases to do with causes technical language

Exposition

Text Type	Purpose	Structure	Language Features
Exposition	To argue a point of view	thesis arguments reinforcement of thesis	words showing modality (can be, usually, probably) words that link arguments (on the other hand)

Discussion

Text Type	Purpose	Structure	Language Features
Discussion	To reach an interpretation of the past based on a careful consideration of all the available evidence	(background)  issue arguments for arguments against position	text preview words showing modality (can be, usually, probably) linking words to contrast arguments (on the other hand) linking words  that show cause (as a result, consequently) persuasive words